The most important element of Thanksgiving preparation in the OtherWorldly Kitchen is Brown Poultry Stock.
I say this unequivocally because it is essential to my Thanksgiving 24-Hour Gravy. Without this luscious, silky gravy, it’s just not Thanksgiving.
I cringe when I see another cook open a few cans of chicken broth to make the turkey gravy. Even homemade simple turkey stock falls short. What you need is a rich, deep brown stock built on a mountain of slow-roasted turkey parts and veggies.
In fact, I always buy an extra small turkey just for the stock. I remove and reserve the meaty breast and leg sections to roast later. Then I cut up the rest of the bird (minus the liver and heart) for the stock.
If you are new to stock-making, the following hints and tips cover the basics. The recipe for Thanksgiving 24-Hour Gravy will follow this week. If you want to be renowned and revered for your Thanksgiving gravy, the first step is this deeply flavored stock.
Stock Making: Hints and Tips
- Poultry, meat, fish, and vegetable stocks all utilize the same techniques, differing only in small details.
- The aim of stock making is to produce a rich, flavorful broth; therefore, use only enough water to cover the solid ingredients by 1½ inches.
- To make a rich, flavorful stock, you must use a high percentage of meat, rather than bones only. Luckily, however, the cheaper cuts of meat and poultry are generally the most flavorful. You can make a light poultry stock with a carcass from a roasted bird, but it will not have the rich flavor of a stock made from uncooked meat and bones.
- A non-corrosive stockpot should be used when acid is included in the list of stock ingredients, as with wine in fish stock.
- When meat or poultry is heated in water, it releases albumin particles that will cloud the broth if not removed. The water must be heated very slowly to draw out the impurities, which will form a scum on the surface, where they can be skimmed off. This process usually takes 15-20 minutes.
- When making meat, poultry, or fish white stock, the skimming process should be completed before adding aromatic vegetables. If vegetables are included at the beginning, they will interfere with skimming. With brown stocks, there is not much skimming required, so roasting the larger vegetables along with the meat is fine.
- All stocks should be cooked at a bare simmer. Rapid boiling will cause solid ingredients to disintegrate and cloud the stock.
- Meat stock requires 5-6 hours of cooking time; Poultry stock requires 3-4 hours of cooking time; Fish or vegetable stock requires only 45-60 minutes of cooking time.
- Seasonings, particularly salt, should not be added until the stock has been concentrated and reduced; or seasonings can be left out altogether so that the future dish utilizing the stock can be individually flavor-balanced.
- Stock can be produced more rapidly if finely chopped meat or poultry is used in place of bone-in carcass pieces. The finer the ingredients are chopped, the more surface area is exposed to the simmering water, and the more quickly the ingredients will give up their flavor to the liquid. In this way, acceptable stock can be produced in 1 ½ hours.
- The flavor of a rapidly made stock will be good, but because no bones or trimmings are generally used, it will be short on gelatin, thus much lighter in body.
- Rapid stock technique does not involve skimming because the many particles of meat “catch” the albumin particles and hold them until final straining.
- Stock should be refrigerated after it is of acceptable strength. A flavor change (souring) may occur if hot stock is refrigerated with a cover, therefore, chill thoroughly first, then cover.
- Refrigerated stock should be simmered for several minutes every 2-3 days to keep it from spoiling.
- Stock may be frozen. Ladle clear, cool stock into heavy-duty, zip-lock freezer bags, seal carefully, and freeze. (Two cup batches are most convenient.) Still in the plastic bag, thaw in warm water; or remove from the bag and heat gently in a small saucepan, or place in a bowl and thaw in the microwave.
Brown Poultry Stock
According to The New Larousse Gastronomique, Brown Stock can be made from beef, veal, or poultry. It’s the method that’s important, and that involves thorough browning of the meat, bones, and vegetables in fat prior to the long, slow simmering generally associated with stock-making.
The following formula is for poultry brown stock, probably the least commonly used of the three types. When I make a brown turkey stock, I buy a small turkey, remove the legs and whole breast to roast later and cut the rest of the bird unto pieces for the stock.
¼ cup vegetable oil
5-6 pounds turkey parts (necks, wings, backs, bones, gizzards)
6 stalks celery, leaves and all, roughly chopped
3 carrots, roughly chopped
2 onions, with skins, quartered
4 unpeeled garlic cloves
small handful of parsley, stems and all
1 bay leaf
2 whole cloves
1 sprig fresh thyme or 1/2 teaspoon dried
cold water to cover
- In a large roasting pan, put the oil, turkey parts, celery, carrots, onions, garlic, and parsley. (If you have a large Le Creuset casserole, use it. You will be able to take it straight from the oven and onto the burner for the simmering stage. No fuss, no muss.)
- Roast, at 450°, uncovered, on the middle rack in the oven, turning pieces occasionally until well browned, 1-1½ hours.
- Remove from the oven and transfer the browned ingredients to a large (10-14 quart) stockpot. Deglaze the roasting pan with a little water, scraping up all the bits and pieces of coagulated meat juices from the bottom and sides. (Don’t worry about the fat at this point. It will come off later and in the meantime contributes flavor to the developing stock.) Pour all of the collected juices (everything) into the stockpot.
- Add cold water to the stockpot to cover the meat and bones by 1½ inches.
- Heat slowly. When the liquid comes to a bare simmer, regulate the heat to maintain, and then begin to skim off any scum that forms on the surface. Above all, do not stir the stock at this point, as this action will incorporate the clouding particles into the liquid. Continue skimming until the scum ceases to accumulate, about 15-20 minutes.
- Now add the bay leaf, cloves, thyme, and more water, if necessary, to maintain the beginning level.
- Partially cover and continue cooking at a very slow simmer for 3-4 hours, partially covered if desired. (Overnight is fine.)
- Remove the large ingredients from the stockpot with a large slotted spoon, and put the stock through a triple mesh strainer. There will be virtually no flavor or nutrients left in the solid ingredients at this point; they should be discarded.
- Allow the hot stock to settle for 5-10 minutes before attempting to remove the fat. Then, skim the surface with a spoon, draw a “grease-catcher” brush across the surface, or use a bottom-pouring degreaser (available in most kitchenware stores and definitely the easiest of the three methods) to remove the fat. If time is not critical, refrigerate the stock, uncovered, until the fat hardens, at which point, it can be easily removed.
- After the stock is thoroughly degreased, check it for taste. If there is not enough flavor, simply boil it down to concentrate its strength. Salt may be added now if desired, although I think it is generally preferable to wait with this until the final dish is prepared utilizing the stock.
- Refrigerate, covered, remembering to boil the stock for several minutes every few days to keep it from spoiling, or freeze in 2-cup batches.
Makes 2-3 quarts.
Additional Inspiration
Memoria
I just made this stock. I haven’t tasted it (and don’t plan to until it is added to other dishes), but it is a perfect brown color. I didn’t have any skum come up on mine because I started heating the mixture to low-mid temp and then raised the temp about an hour later. I really took my time with my stock; there was no rush. I also used the carcass, neck, and gizzards of a whole chicken that I had roasted hours before. Then I roasted the veggies after (b/c I didn’t have them at the time of roasting the chicken). As I said, I took my time with making this stock. It was such a comforting task to do considering how busy (and tired) I usually am during a regular week. Thank you for this recipe!
Susan S. Bradley
Memoria, wonderful! Stock making is a true labor of love and well worth the effort. Hope your subsequent dishes turned out beautifully as well. 🙂
sara
Wow, this sounds amazing! I bet it makes for insanely good gravy. 🙂
Kate
Thank you for sharing this very detailed version of making wonderful stock. I am anxious to start the process for the upcoming holiday season. Could you please tell us the brand of the jars in the photo, they are perfect, I have never seen them for sale where I live. Perhaps I can find them online if I know what to look for.
Susan S. Bradley
Kate, I bought the jars from Kitchen Kaboodle in Portland Oregon. They are Bormioli Rocco Quattro Stagioni 33 3/4 Canning Bottles you can also get them from Amazon at http://www.amazon.com/Bormioli-Rocco-Quattro-Stagioni-Canning/dp/B0000CFPEY/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&qid=1322064628&sr=8-9. They’re perect for storing stock. Thanks for stopping by! …Susan
Susan
I didn’t know the slow initial simmer was the best way to get the scum removed. It’s been a chore in the past as I’ve started the stock pot too fast. I have my turkey parts roasting as I type! We are able to get turkey parts where I live, so I bought the last pkg of wings and one of legs..those were all that were available at the time. I wish I would have read this first as I didn’t include the vegetable to roast along with the meat. I think I’ll just brown them in the stock pot before I add the water and turkey parts. Hopefully that little bit of caramelization and moisture reduction will help a little. Thanks for the very helpful tips, Susan. Have a great Thanksgiving!
Susan S. Bradley
Susan, sounds like you have the process well in hand. I so wish we could get turkey parts around here. Thanks for stopping by and have a wonderful Thanksgiving! 🙂 …Susan
The Café Sucré Farine
Thank you for this wonderful post – I always learn so much from you!
Susan S. Bradley
Chris, thank you so much! Hopping over to your blog to check out that delicious hummus. Happy Thanksgiving! 🙂
Chris
I used to make stock every year, but I can see that my stock and this brown stock are worlds apart. I’ll have to make some this year for sure! Thanks, as always, for sharing!
Susan S. Bradley
Chris, once you taste brown stock, there is no turning back. 🙂
Dana Zia
I have been thinking about making a turkey stock this year. Where do you get the “turkey parts” ?
Susan S. Bradley
Dana, don’t faint, but I use a whole turkey purchased just for stock making. So as not to be completely extravagant, I remove and reserve the breast and leg sections for roasting later. That leaves the wings, entire back, breast bones, giblets, and neck for the stock. I do wish someone would sell turkey parts, but I can’t find them anywhere.